{"title":"Effects of grazing pressure on plant species composition and water presence on bofedales in the Andes mountain range of Bolivia","description":null,"version":null,"itemType":"journalArticle","abstractNote":"Bofedales are high-Andean peatland plant communities with high capacity for water retention, which are regarded as oases of biodiversity. These areas have great social and economic value for livestock grazing, which plays an important role in their vegetation dynamics. However, the effects of increased livestock pressure on vegetation composition and surface water have not yet been clarified. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of current grazing practices on bofedal vegetation, species diversity and function. Specifically, the study aimed to (1) quantify carrying capacity and stocking rate in grazed bofedales and (2) quantify the effects of grazing pressure on plant composition and the extents of bare soil and surface water. Biomass and stocking rate estimates for 25 bofedales along the Cordillera Real (Tropical Andes, Bolivia) showed that all bofedales were overgrazed (carrying capacity/stocking rate (CC/SR) &lt;1). Regression analyses showed significant decreases in number of plant species, species dominance, diversity and percent surface water as CC/SR declined (p &lt; 0.05). Bofedales are negatively affected by increased grazing pressure and potentially affected by changes in livestock species. These pressures, combined with land use changes and climate change, could result in long-term negative effects for the ecological functioning and sustainability of bofedales.","publicationTitle":"","volume":null,"issue":null,"pages":null,"date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":null,"language":null,"DOI":"10.19189/map.2017.omb.303","ISSN":null,"shortTitle":"","url":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":null,"callNumber":"","rights":null,"extra":"","dateAdded":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.635941Z","dateModified":"2026-02-25T14:54:11.047035Z","attachment":null,"id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","owner_id":"61bf6ec3-0e84-462c-b0e2-3036131e0196","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"Cochi Machaca","id":36,"item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"et al.","id":37,"item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385"}],"study_sites":[{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.644135Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.644137Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"4e06bdca-addd-434d-b822-f12787063417","id":"eba37858-418c-406d-b76e-cefc0564cb1a","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.644469Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.644477Z","latitude":-16.14718566308561,"longitude":-68.2856019330177,"cluster_label":null,"id":"4e06bdca-addd-434d-b822-f12787063417"},"latitude":-16.14718566308561,"longitude":-68.2856019330177},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.648205Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.648206Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"2a118c70-cd73-431d-90c3-94b9ba4b8cd8","id":"c8ba71c1-d5f5-407e-8385-aed4a9fa4a5f","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.648525Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.648533Z","latitude":-16.213333330000005,"longitude":-68.21944444,"cluster_label":null,"id":"2a118c70-cd73-431d-90c3-94b9ba4b8cd8"},"latitude":-16.213333330000005,"longitude":-68.21944444},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.651742Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.651744Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"abacc8a7-fa1f-4da0-a704-f2e1995aa0d9","id":"33fc0b4c-4733-46a5-a6c1-f6d093ed03de","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.652056Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.652063Z","latitude":-16.218611110000005,"longitude":-68.22194444,"cluster_label":null,"id":"abacc8a7-fa1f-4da0-a704-f2e1995aa0d9"},"latitude":-16.218611110000005,"longitude":-68.22194444},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.655741Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.655742Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"38d7e0a9-1e32-4a46-8611-9f6d82e327f1","id":"17afa5b5-c652-4ec9-9bc8-ed8db5781622","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.656051Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.656059Z","latitude":-16.06246136879197,"longitude":-68.30111202972135,"cluster_label":null,"id":"38d7e0a9-1e32-4a46-8611-9f6d82e327f1"},"latitude":-16.06246136879197,"longitude":-68.30111202972135},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.659334Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.659335Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"40fefc9a-6620-495b-bbf4-02100c695a71","id":"6b7fa829-0313-4ef3-941f-93ca60bf1bb1","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.659655Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.659663Z","latitude":-16.09215569587719,"longitude":-68.32352023715784,"cluster_label":null,"id":"40fefc9a-6620-495b-bbf4-02100c695a71"},"latitude":-16.09215569587719,"longitude":-68.32352023715784},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.663354Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.663356Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"b44419a6-1f80-40a2-9d49-a11aeca282cf","id":"0789bf8a-2876-4e0a-a429-375ff35a6ac5","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.663679Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.663687Z","latitude":-16.099180733650627,"longitude":-68.33673563721403,"cluster_label":null,"id":"b44419a6-1f80-40a2-9d49-a11aeca282cf"},"latitude":-16.099180733650627,"longitude":-68.33673563721403},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.666923Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.666924Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"21305145-cc67-446d-b845-2ed84f23211c","id":"43feab74-126e-4a42-bac7-6d2df3d9a7e2","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.667234Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.667242Z","latitude":-16.15581527202578,"longitude":-68.32387517180571,"cluster_label":null,"id":"21305145-cc67-446d-b845-2ed84f23211c"},"latitude":-16.15581527202578,"longitude":-68.32387517180571},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.670935Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.670937Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"d49f7b51-9b3f-4a43-9a67-a6d8f784bc41","id":"a7871e37-d33e-4c35-912c-808a2c7b8034","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.671248Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.671256Z","latitude":-16.15151966155909,"longitude":-68.32233712166486,"cluster_label":null,"id":"d49f7b51-9b3f-4a43-9a67-a6d8f784bc41"},"latitude":-16.15151966155909,"longitude":-68.32233712166486},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.674525Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.674526Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"af7d6186-fa09-4ad6-8e1d-36f0834ef053","id":"47fbd655-5306-4c6f-9504-505aa9c1e2b9","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.674842Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.674850Z","latitude":-16.15365611440359,"longitude":-68.3081160734396,"cluster_label":null,"id":"af7d6186-fa09-4ad6-8e1d-36f0834ef053"},"latitude":-16.15365611440359,"longitude":-68.3081160734396},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.678560Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.678561Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"af74cc4f-c27c-4efc-a73c-160bd1472817","id":"c07592a5-22dc-4d0e-8f83-2caf6de13195","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.678875Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.678883Z","latitude":-16.200504536759542,"longitude":-68.2365494172711,"cluster_label":null,"id":"af74cc4f-c27c-4efc-a73c-160bd1472817"},"latitude":-16.200504536759542,"longitude":-68.2365494172711},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.682103Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.682104Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"cf342427-6236-4250-9217-71f8c41b5b0c","id":"2edfbe20-39bc-4cad-a2fc-2b78a93c6d53","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.682418Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.682426Z","latitude":-16.21180876022039,"longitude":-68.2559406802006,"cluster_label":null,"id":"cf342427-6236-4250-9217-71f8c41b5b0c"},"latitude":-16.21180876022039,"longitude":-68.2559406802006},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.686123Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.686124Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"52070530-990e-4485-9231-8ef0afccb311","id":"bd0cca61-8673-456a-b120-9a3fa707870a","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.686447Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.686455Z","latitude":-16.214200173655776,"longitude":-68.25560940786256,"cluster_label":null,"id":"52070530-990e-4485-9231-8ef0afccb311"},"latitude":-16.214200173655776,"longitude":-68.25560940786256},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.692629Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.692630Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"f96250fc-0954-442b-ba14-992e4c64bed1","id":"b11f8357-54dd-44d7-8f73-696f5ff2df89","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.692948Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.692956Z","latitude":-16.21719933997669,"longitude":-68.25551475862314,"cluster_label":null,"id":"f96250fc-0954-442b-ba14-992e4c64bed1"},"latitude":-16.21719933997669,"longitude":-68.25551475862314},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.696676Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.696678Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"fde197e9-8868-4cf7-86c5-bf8b948324af","id":"93c2a863-e777-4967-89d7-521928d19894","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.696993Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.697000Z","latitude":-16.219903094720124,"longitude":-68.2282557776656,"cluster_label":null,"id":"fde197e9-8868-4cf7-86c5-bf8b948324af"},"latitude":-16.219903094720124,"longitude":-68.2282557776656},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.700285Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.700286Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"5b09353e-ac7b-46f2-be74-cb9eeacead9d","id":"f69b7a36-4e54-458b-8281-8f2d648cb041","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.700618Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.700625Z","latitude":-16.30808702567883,"longitude":-68.14984479837035,"cluster_label":null,"id":"5b09353e-ac7b-46f2-be74-cb9eeacead9d"},"latitude":-16.30808702567883,"longitude":-68.14984479837035},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.704284Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.704285Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"c982cb06-fd8c-4511-9c48-ac5394566e77","id":"aa07a7b9-60c6-4ecd-81dd-78136898cde2","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.704608Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.704615Z","latitude":-16.300160980167263,"longitude":-68.15131186158162,"cluster_label":null,"id":"c982cb06-fd8c-4511-9c48-ac5394566e77"},"latitude":-16.300160980167263,"longitude":-68.15131186158162},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.707884Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.707885Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"2addf743-b5e9-4807-8ba9-bb7e7be14c09","id":"21720f9e-b8bf-419c-a1ff-6aa9a480aa91","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.708199Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.708207Z","latitude":-16.296754271818866,"longitude":-68.15606798586327,"cluster_label":null,"id":"2addf743-b5e9-4807-8ba9-bb7e7be14c09"},"latitude":-16.296754271818866,"longitude":-68.15606798586327},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.711908Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.711910Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"fda5f286-6f5b-4e2e-8e9a-aaac9d42c1f8","id":"1d624292-4eb6-4ee1-b448-151fd1183f6f","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.712221Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.712229Z","latitude":-16.281718625045137,"longitude":-68.11051803938473,"cluster_label":null,"id":"fda5f286-6f5b-4e2e-8e9a-aaac9d42c1f8"},"latitude":-16.281718625045137,"longitude":-68.11051803938473},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.715481Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.715483Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"9b010d8c-ce0b-463e-9498-acc4684b9182","id":"1e7aa024-f109-40e4-b938-daf94bc04237","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.715800Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.715808Z","latitude":-16.285108559968947,"longitude":-68.11030507859599,"cluster_label":null,"id":"9b010d8c-ce0b-463e-9498-acc4684b9182"},"latitude":-16.285108559968947,"longitude":-68.11030507859599},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.719513Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.719514Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"651ec623-b76f-4639-9df2-2edc776b53c0","id":"fccd3016-055a-47f8-993a-d646a7c896ea","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.719826Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.719834Z","latitude":-16.317772717376016,"longitude":-68.11961028194803,"cluster_label":null,"id":"651ec623-b76f-4639-9df2-2edc776b53c0"},"latitude":-16.317772717376016,"longitude":-68.11961028194803},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.723071Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.723074Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"dbc1a0b0-0577-437e-afb1-e695bbfa2ae0","id":"c6cc64d4-c788-47dc-8df2-06764ab72df7","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.723397Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.723405Z","latitude":-16.31232244571686,"longitude":-68.11539839079312,"cluster_label":null,"id":"dbc1a0b0-0577-437e-afb1-e695bbfa2ae0"},"latitude":-16.31232244571686,"longitude":-68.11539839079312},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.727119Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.727121Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"651d611e-90e3-4554-b98e-df241c4fc081","id":"e87d20dc-0f90-4725-8734-50993bd43dfe","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.727441Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.727449Z","latitude":-16.311504891879906,"longitude":-68.1185218156945,"cluster_label":null,"id":"651d611e-90e3-4554-b98e-df241c4fc081"},"latitude":-16.311504891879906,"longitude":-68.1185218156945},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.730679Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.730680Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"56aa817b-2a1d-45a4-a9ab-03d62ff4400b","id":"1dabebf7-6349-4897-9f0d-c784269bf8f7","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.730990Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.730998Z","latitude":-16.135833641205465,"longitude":-68.31248176960861,"cluster_label":null,"id":"56aa817b-2a1d-45a4-a9ab-03d62ff4400b"},"latitude":-16.135833641205465,"longitude":-68.31248176960861},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.734730Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.734731Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"5d9ed2af-39fa-4ce4-af25-4d232fd86c71","id":"63c4abba-bf5b-4a2a-b4a6-fb666372f9c3","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.735040Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.735049Z","latitude":-16.088662977408127,"longitude":-68.32689211631275,"cluster_label":null,"id":"5d9ed2af-39fa-4ce4-af25-4d232fd86c71"},"latitude":-16.088662977408127,"longitude":-68.32689211631275},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.738281Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.738283Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"90806227-edc8-4ec4-8d35-395535dca385","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"fab627ab-e99c-4a05-9b72-860675599772","id":"8884972f-8f7a-483c-83de-820416d9fe44","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.738608Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.738616Z","latitude":-16.0609122991563,"longitude":-68.30715774989037,"cluster_label":null,"id":"fab627ab-e99c-4a05-9b72-860675599772"},"latitude":-16.0609122991563,"longitude":-68.30715774989037}],"tags":[6]}