{"data":[{"title":"Evolution of High Andean Puna Ecosystems: Environment, Climate, and Culture Change over the Last 12,000 Years in the Central Andes","description":null,"version":null,"itemType":"journalArticle","abstractNote":"In the High Andes, much of the traditional knowledge related to natural resource utilization and agricultural practices was lost with the arrival of the Spaniards. That which has survived has been transformed, together with the landscape. Based upon ongoing research on the paleoecology and archaeology of the central High Andes, this paper presents the first results of pollen analysis from late-Pleistocene/early Holocene Laguna Seca (latitude 18'11' South, longitude 69\"14'30\" West) in the ChungaraCotacotani lake district of Lauca National Park. The Laguna Seca record covers two crucial events in the evolution of high Andean puna ecosystems: (1) the period preceding the earliest human occupation, and (2) the period of change from a food-gathering to a food-producing economy. The results, though preliminary, indicate the contribution that these studies can make to the management and preservation of fragile mountain ecosystems.","publicationTitle":"","volume":null,"issue":null,"pages":null,"date":"1993","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":null,"language":null,"DOI":"10.2307/3673632","ISSN":null,"shortTitle":"","url":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":null,"callNumber":"","rights":null,"extra":"","dateAdded":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.857809Z","dateModified":"2026-02-25T14:53:57.284165Z","attachment":null,"id":"a88d9783-0606-4bb9-a6ec-35610f9172e5","owner_id":"61bf6ec3-0e84-462c-b0e2-3036131e0196","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"Baied","id":3,"item_id":"a88d9783-0606-4bb9-a6ec-35610f9172e5"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"Wheeler","id":4,"item_id":"a88d9783-0606-4bb9-a6ec-35610f9172e5"}],"study_sites":[{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.867871Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.867873Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a88d9783-0606-4bb9-a6ec-35610f9172e5","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"289f620e-5a4e-4756-bdca-16716679b9a8","id":"4927322c-da27-48b1-a1c9-f61a01136a22","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.868250Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.868258Z","latitude":-18.188672848013784,"longitude":-69.22392099735556,"cluster_label":null,"id":"289f620e-5a4e-4756-bdca-16716679b9a8"},"latitude":-18.188672848013784,"longitude":-69.22392099735556}],"tags":[9,10,15,16]},{"title":"Short-Term Effects of Pack Animal Grazing Exclusion from Andean Alpine Meadows ","description":null,"version":null,"itemType":"journalArticle","abstractNote":"Grazing by livestock can have positive, neutral, and/or negative effects on vegetation depending on the intensity and type of grazing. This includes grazing by pack animals used for tourism in mountain protected areas. We assessed the response of vegetation to the exclusion of grazing by pack animals over one growing season in the highest park in the Southern Hemisphere, Aconcagua Provincial Park, dry Central Andes. Twenty pairs of exclosures and unfenced quadrats were established in three high-altitude Andean alpine meadows that are intensively grazed by horses and mules used by commercial operators to transport equipment for tourists. Vegetation parameters, including height, cover, and composition were measured in late spring when exclosures were established and ~120 days later at the end of the growing season along with above-ground biomass. Data was analyzed using mixed models and ordinations. Vegetation responded rapidly to the removal of grazing. Vegetation in exclosures was more than twice as tall, had 30% more above-ground biomass, a greater cover of grasses including the dominant Deyeuxia eminens, and less litter than grazed quadrats. These changes in the vegetation from short-term exclusion of grazing are likely to increase the habitat quality of the meadows for native wildlife.","publicationTitle":"","volume":null,"issue":null,"pages":null,"date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":null,"language":null,"DOI":"10.1657/1938-4246-46.2.333","ISSN":null,"shortTitle":"","url":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":null,"callNumber":"","rights":null,"extra":"","dateAdded":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.873746Z","dateModified":"2026-02-25T14:53:58.329064Z","attachment":null,"id":"8fb5e365-e877-49b9-aa53-f2f6643a6039","owner_id":"61bf6ec3-0e84-462c-b0e2-3036131e0196","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"Barros","id":5,"item_id":"8fb5e365-e877-49b9-aa53-f2f6643a6039"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"et al.","id":6,"item_id":"8fb5e365-e877-49b9-aa53-f2f6643a6039"}],"study_sites":[{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.883074Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.883075Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"8fb5e365-e877-49b9-aa53-f2f6643a6039","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"49093cd7-c6a6-42ad-81bc-92d2f86fb824","id":"4301b5fe-3c99-44d9-a3f9-1f6e63a5db8e","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.883455Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.883463Z","latitude":-32.64444694656113,"longitude":-69.83902836166386,"cluster_label":null,"id":"49093cd7-c6a6-42ad-81bc-92d2f86fb824"},"latitude":-32.64444694656113,"longitude":-69.83902836166386},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.887481Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.887482Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"8fb5e365-e877-49b9-aa53-f2f6643a6039","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"8da4fb4c-0c3a-4ad8-9c4a-a7576de2bba8","id":"6812d360-b32e-48d9-91d0-b732b5c48518","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.887871Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.887879Z","latitude":-32.638685314616,"longitude":-69.89807506305972,"cluster_label":null,"id":"8da4fb4c-0c3a-4ad8-9c4a-a7576de2bba8"},"latitude":-32.638685314616,"longitude":-69.89807506305972},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.891586Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.891588Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"8fb5e365-e877-49b9-aa53-f2f6643a6039","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"1bfb801b-e16d-42cb-84df-807355fd1abb","id":"9c12de7d-bd64-4f59-9838-c172eb0d5132","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.891915Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.891922Z","latitude":-32.63050176698046,"longitude":-69.83832758312651,"cluster_label":null,"id":"1bfb801b-e16d-42cb-84df-807355fd1abb"},"latitude":-32.63050176698046,"longitude":-69.83832758312651}],"tags":null},{"title":"The effect of drainage on organic matter accumulation and plant communities of high-altitude peatlands in the Colombian tropical Andes","description":null,"version":null,"itemType":"journalArticle","abstractNote":"The tropical Andes store and regulate water outflow that serves nearly 60 million people. Most of the water is for un-managed agricultural irrigation. In this work I report how the drainage of peatlands has adversely affected the development of plant communities and recent carbon accumulation in a páramo massif at 2500 to 3800 m altitude in the northern Andes. I surveyed vegetation and water chemistry in 26 peatlands with differing intensities of drainage. Peat cores to 50 cm from two sites with contrasting drainage histories were dated using 210Pb, and used to compare historical vegetation changes and carbon accumulation rates. (A) Species composition was much affected by drainage, which resulted in a reduction in cover of Sphagnum and other peat-forming species, and the encroachment of sedges and Juncus effusus. The ability of peat to store water and carbon was also reduced in drained peatlands. Vegetation records show a shift towards sedge-Juncus communities around 50 years ago when agricultural use of water increased. (B) Peat and carbon accumulation rates were lower in drained sites, indicating either greater decomposition rates of the upper peat column or lower production by the changed plant communities. The ecological services offered by peatlands to agrarian communities downstream are important. Measures to prevent peatland destruction are needed urgently.","publicationTitle":"","volume":null,"issue":null,"pages":null,"date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":null,"language":null,"DOI":"10.19189/001c.128510","ISSN":null,"shortTitle":"","url":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":null,"callNumber":"","rights":null,"extra":"","dateAdded":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.897449Z","dateModified":"2026-02-25T14:53:58.379659Z","attachment":null,"id":"727a0a67-6a07-4388-b9d0-08c9814c6660","owner_id":"61bf6ec3-0e84-462c-b0e2-3036131e0196","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"Benavides","id":7,"item_id":"727a0a67-6a07-4388-b9d0-08c9814c6660"}],"study_sites":[{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.903703Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:20.903704Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from 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However, the types and amounts of heavy metals accumulated by native plant species are not well understood. In this study, we focused on determining heavy metal concentrations and bioaccumulation factors in Calamagrostis ligulata and Juncus imbricatus. Two acid wetlands located above 3,500 m a.s.l. in Ancash, Peru were assessed. Physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals concentrations in control and experimental plant samples were measured in dry and rainy seasons. Results indicated that C. ligulata and J. imbricatus aerial parts accumulated higher amounts of Fe, Zn, As and Al. Also, bioaccumulation factors revealed notable increases in As, Pb and Al, but less so in Cd, Fe and Zn. On the other hand, physico-chemical parameters of water quality (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, sulphides) between inflow and outflow of wetlands indicated significant differences in the presence of metals in comparison with their maximum permissible limits. Both emergent plant species showed an accumulation of heavy metals and thus the ability to recovery of water quality in wetland outflows.","publicationTitle":"","volume":null,"issue":null,"pages":null,"date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":null,"language":null,"DOI":"10.1007/s13157-013-0407-z","ISSN":null,"shortTitle":"","url":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":null,"callNumber":"","rights":null,"extra":"","dateAdded":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.134016Z","dateModified":"2026-02-25T14:54:00.985553Z","attachment":null,"id":"0bcf57bb-38e3-4c1f-a66a-0592ed2b7ae2","owner_id":"61bf6ec3-0e84-462c-b0e2-3036131e0196","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"Bobadilla","id":14,"item_id":"0bcf57bb-38e3-4c1f-a66a-0592ed2b7ae2"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"et al.","id":15,"item_id":"0bcf57bb-38e3-4c1f-a66a-0592ed2b7ae2"}],"study_sites":[{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.142828Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.142829Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"0bcf57bb-38e3-4c1f-a66a-0592ed2b7ae2","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"2982c4ed-1347-47b3-8216-261377e738c8","id":"279b7fe7-0447-4c06-9065-d06c279fe252","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.143160Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.143168Z","latitude":-9.779559085889389,"longitude":-77.42583551284562,"cluster_label":null,"id":"2982c4ed-1347-47b3-8216-261377e738c8"},"latitude":-9.779559085889389,"longitude":-77.42583551284562},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.146414Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.146415Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"0bcf57bb-38e3-4c1f-a66a-0592ed2b7ae2","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"6688c78d-fa95-4e77-945b-60f5609e031f","id":"0280520d-3047-44b7-aeb3-30fe689a1200","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.146730Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.146738Z","latitude":-9.756396699235292,"longitude":-77.52758476012576,"cluster_label":null,"id":"6688c78d-fa95-4e77-945b-60f5609e031f"},"latitude":-9.756396699235292,"longitude":-77.52758476012576}],"tags":[1,7,19,21]},{"title":"Ecology of a paramo cushion mire","description":null,"version":null,"itemType":"journalArticle","abstractNote":"A pollen diagram of a 225 cm long core from a small Plantago rigida cushion mire (Turbera de Calostros) in the grassparamo belt at 3730m altitude in the Paramo de Chingaza, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, records the last 8500 years of Holocene vegetational history. Three radiocarbon dates (8410 ± 160 BP, 7230 ± 1340 BP and 5980 ± 75 BP) provide a time frame. Pollen of taxa of zonal grassparamo and subparamo vegetation are dominant and pollen of subandean (lower montane) forest elements are overrepresented due to upslope aeolian pollen supply to this high-elevation site. Eight pollen zones were recognized and reflect, on a regional scale, a sequence of altitudinal shifts of the upper forest line (oscillating between 3000-3100 and 3500m) and synchronous changes in the composition of the Andean (upper montane) forest. Based on the radiocarbon dates and using the pollen density record, dates of changes in environmental conditions are estimated c. 8700, 8600, 7800, 7500, 6650, 5200, 300 and 100BP. Correlation with other palaeoecological records from this part of the Eastern Cordillera is discussed. Each pollen zone represents a characteristic phase in the local development of the Plantago rigida mire.","publicationTitle":"","volume":null,"issue":null,"pages":null,"date":"1993","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":null,"language":null,"DOI":"10.2307/3236128","ISSN":null,"shortTitle":"","url":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":null,"callNumber":"","rights":null,"extra":"","dateAdded":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.163110Z","dateModified":"2026-02-25T14:54:02.202553Z","attachment":null,"id":"8e33bb6f-c28c-4565-8a11-02d47f3fa025","owner_id":"61bf6ec3-0e84-462c-b0e2-3036131e0196","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"Bosman","id":17,"item_id":"8e33bb6f-c28c-4565-8a11-02d47f3fa025"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"et al.","id":18,"item_id":"8e33bb6f-c28c-4565-8a11-02d47f3fa025"}],"study_sites":[{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.171992Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.171994Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"8e33bb6f-c28c-4565-8a11-02d47f3fa025","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"1fbc555e-1869-4b2b-8c4d-295f8ed587d4","id":"c572a156-1efd-4027-99ed-ea3a9edf799d","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.157955Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.157964Z","latitude":4.683763944793046,"longitude":-73.79998966609784,"cluster_label":null,"id":"1fbc555e-1869-4b2b-8c4d-295f8ed587d4"},"latitude":4.683763944793046,"longitude":-73.79998966609784}],"tags":[17]},{"title":"Models as multiple working hypotheses: hydrological simulation of tropical alpine wetlands","description":null,"version":null,"itemType":"journalArticle","abstractNote":"Tropical alpine grasslands, locally known as p ́ aramos, are the water towers of the northern Andes. They are an essential water source for drinking water, irrigation schemes and hydropower plants. But despite their high socio-economic relevance, their hydrological processes are very poorly understood. Since environmental change, ranging from small scale land-use changes to global climate change, is expected to have a strong impact on the hydrological behaviour, a better understanding and hydrological prediction are urgently needed. In this paper, we apply a set of nine hydrological models of different complexity to a small, well monitored upland catchment in the Ecuadorian Andes. The models represent different hypotheses on the hydrological functioning of the p ́ aramo ecosystem at catchment scale. Interpretation of the results of the model prediction and uncertainty analysis of the model parameters reveals important insights in the evapotranspiration, surface runoff generation and base flow in the p ́ aramo. However, problems with boundary conditions, particularly spatial variability of precipitation, pose serious constraints on the differentiation between model representations.","publicationTitle":"","volume":null,"issue":null,"pages":null,"date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":null,"language":null,"DOI":"10.1029/2010wr009827","ISSN":null,"shortTitle":"","url":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":null,"callNumber":"","rights":null,"extra":"","dateAdded":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.175102Z","dateModified":"2026-02-25T14:54:03.665355Z","attachment":null,"id":"174111b4-75fb-4dd7-8afa-b43728568ed7","owner_id":"61bf6ec3-0e84-462c-b0e2-3036131e0196","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"Buytaert","id":19,"item_id":"174111b4-75fb-4dd7-8afa-b43728568ed7"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"Beven","id":20,"item_id":"174111b4-75fb-4dd7-8afa-b43728568ed7"}],"study_sites":[{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.184072Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.184074Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"174111b4-75fb-4dd7-8afa-b43728568ed7","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"56fd75e6-9e63-4e1d-aae5-78feb9a2d625","id":"ea9919d0-8db2-4867-9890-87ff0e34702e","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.184408Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.184416Z","latitude":-2.658331132368594,"longitude":-79.0211268534874,"cluster_label":null,"id":"56fd75e6-9e63-4e1d-aae5-78feb9a2d625"},"latitude":-2.658331132368594,"longitude":-79.0211268534874}],"tags":[7,21]},{"title":"Guanacos in the Desert Puna: A trade-off between drinking and the risk of being predated","description":null,"version":null,"itemType":"journalArticle","abstractNote":"Habitats vary not only in resource availability and quality but also in predation risk, among other factors. The Desert Puna of Argentina comprises two habitats: the shrub steppe and the vegas. The former, the most abundant habitat, is a topographically simple area with unavailable free water and poor food quality; the latter is a very scarce and topographically complex habitat and with water available year round and high quality food. Guanaco relies heavily on vision to detect predators and narrow and complex habitats would be risky. Hence, we expected that guanacos would use the vegas in lowest proportion and would increase the time devoted to vigilance. Guanacos spent more time in the shrubsteppe than in the vegas, where the highest percentage of vigilant guanacos was recorded. A positive and significant relationship between time devoted to foraging and number of animals per herd was observed in both habitats. In the shrub-steppe the opposite was observed for vigilance, whereas in the vegas, no relationship was observed. Despite the low availability of vegas and the high predation risk, they represent a critical habitat for guanacos in the Desert Puna, because they representing the only areas with free water available throughout year for wildlife.","publicationTitle":"","volume":null,"issue":null,"pages":null,"date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":null,"language":null,"DOI":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.04.004","ISSN":null,"shortTitle":"","url":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":null,"callNumber":"","rights":null,"extra":"","dateAdded":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.227385Z","dateModified":"2026-02-25T14:54:04.691493Z","attachment":null,"id":"b4267518-504b-4351-8219-9c516df88b8f","owner_id":"61bf6ec3-0e84-462c-b0e2-3036131e0196","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"Cappa 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Certain conditions—such as geographical location or people’s income level—can affect the degree to which natural disasters impact people’s homes and livelihoods. This paper suggests that vulnerability to natural disasters increases when local people, scientists, and policymakers do not communicate and trust each other. Additionally, a breakdown in interaction and confidence among these groups can disrupt the implementation of sound science or well-intentioned policies. This case study analyzes how local people, scientists, and government officials responded to glacier hazards in Peru’s Cordillera Blanca mountain range. Cordillera Blanca glacier retreat since the late-19th century has triggered some of the world’s most deadly avalanches and glacial lake outburst floods. Although a Peruvian glaciology and lakes security office has bcontrolledQ 35 Cordillera Blanca glacial lakes, 30 glacier disasters have killed nearly 30,000 people in this region since 1941. A lack of local faith in government officials and scientists as well as the State’s failure to follow scientists’ warnings about potential disasters have endangered or led to the death of thousands of local residents, many of which remain living in hazard zones today","publicationTitle":"","volume":null,"issue":null,"pages":null,"date":"2005","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":null,"language":null,"DOI":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.10.007","ISSN":null,"shortTitle":"","url":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":null,"callNumber":"","rights":null,"extra":"","dateAdded":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.269030Z","dateModified":"2026-02-25T14:54:05.009103Z","attachment":null,"id":"c3bce904-3319-4308-88e0-12ae7960df00","owner_id":"61bf6ec3-0e84-462c-b0e2-3036131e0196","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"Carey","id":23,"item_id":"c3bce904-3319-4308-88e0-12ae7960df00"}],"study_sites":[{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.274766Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.274767Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"c3bce904-3319-4308-88e0-12ae7960df00","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"37d158b5-bfa8-4505-b5e9-620565e16839","id":"0f7109bd-72f4-4338-87a9-0fd8a1578fa7","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.275088Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.275096Z","latitude":-8.994891179906146,"longitude":-77.673074179185,"cluster_label":null,"id":"37d158b5-bfa8-4505-b5e9-620565e16839"},"latitude":-8.994891179906146,"longitude":-77.673074179185},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.278886Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.278887Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"c3bce904-3319-4308-88e0-12ae7960df00","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"c067735a-1f58-4caa-8aae-c8161009dbc0","id":"fabea257-28cf-4f3e-9656-701ce569487f","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.279201Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.279209Z","latitude":-9.061735050494194,"longitude":-77.62877095246509,"cluster_label":null,"id":"c067735a-1f58-4caa-8aae-c8161009dbc0"},"latitude":-9.061735050494194,"longitude":-77.62877095246509},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.287085Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.287086Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"c3bce904-3319-4308-88e0-12ae7960df00","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"2f9fd6bc-9f95-45a5-aa0a-955e95c8d3ce","id":"584eee44-c4ed-4f38-bc23-0a159b0e4cf4","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.287410Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.287417Z","latitude":-9.074655406775266,"longitude":-77.64533187163184,"cluster_label":null,"id":"2f9fd6bc-9f95-45a5-aa0a-955e95c8d3ce"},"latitude":-9.074655406775266,"longitude":-77.64533187163184}],"tags":[1,19]},{"title":"An integrated socio-environmental framework for glacier hazard management and climate change adaptation: lessons from Lake 513, Cordillera Blanca, Peru","description":null,"version":null,"itemType":"journalArticle","abstractNote":"Glacier hazards threaten societies in mountain regions worldwide. Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) pose risks to exposed and vulnerable populations and can be linked in part to long-term post-Little Ice Age climate change because precariously dammed glacial lakes sometimes formed as glaciers generally retreated after the mid-1800s. This paper provides an interdisciplinary and historical analysis of 40 years of glacier hazard management on Mount Hualcán, at glacial Lake 513, and in the city of Carhuaz in Peru’s Cordillera Blanca mountain range. The case study examines attempted hazard zoning, glacial lake evolution and monitoring, and emergency engineering projects to drain Lake 513. It also analyzes the 11 April 2010 Hualcán rock-ice avalanche that triggered a Lake 513 GLOF; we offer both a scientific assessment of the possible role of temperature on slope stability and a GIS spatial analysis of human impacts. Qualitative historical analysis of glacier hazard management since 1970 allows us to identify and explain why certain actions and policies to reduce risk were implemented or omitted. We extrapolate these case-specific variables to generate a broader socio-environmental framework identifying factors that can facilitate or impede disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. Facilitating factors are technical capacity, disaster events with visible hazards, institutional support, committed individuals, and international involvement. Impediments include divergent risk perceptions, imposed government policies, institutional instability, knowledge disparities, and invisible hazards. This framework emerges from an empirical analysis of a coupled social-ecological system and offers a holistic approach for integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.","publicationTitle":"","volume":null,"issue":null,"pages":null,"date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":null,"language":null,"DOI":"10.1007/978-3-642-31110-9_34","ISSN":null,"shortTitle":"","url":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":null,"callNumber":"","rights":null,"extra":"","dateAdded":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.292568Z","dateModified":"2026-02-25T14:54:05.665236Z","attachment":null,"id":"ae4ea8c4-1fd0-444b-8218-050d4d94028f","owner_id":"61bf6ec3-0e84-462c-b0e2-3036131e0196","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"Carey","id":24,"item_id":"ae4ea8c4-1fd0-444b-8218-050d4d94028f"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"et al.","id":25,"item_id":"ae4ea8c4-1fd0-444b-8218-050d4d94028f"}],"study_sites":[{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.300886Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.300887Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"ae4ea8c4-1fd0-444b-8218-050d4d94028f","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"6f4fde35-c14b-4856-aad1-f800f146f08a","id":"27f904ec-3d71-42b6-96bf-148e51e98ab2","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.301203Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.301211Z","latitude":-9.212043719783098,"longitude":-77.5494870454265,"cluster_label":null,"id":"6f4fde35-c14b-4856-aad1-f800f146f08a"},"latitude":-9.212043719783098,"longitude":-77.5494870454265}],"tags":[1,8,9,19]},{"title":"Abundance and Habitat of High Andes Flamingos in Northwestern Argentina","description":null,"version":null,"itemType":"journalArticle","abstractNote":"Three flamingo species occur in the High Andes wetlands of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru: James (Phoenicoparrusjamesi), Andean (P. andinus), and Chilean, (Phoenicopterus chilensis). During summer, the Vilama Lakes concentrate 30% of the James and Andean Flamingo populations of Argentina. These 9 lakes differ in size, depth, water composition, plankton, and submergent vegetation. We studied flamingo populations and wetlands of the Vilama Lakes region from 1995 through 1998. Species abundance was related to habitat variables. Shallow and highly saline lakes, rich in diatoms and cyanophytes but poor in zooplankton, concentrated the James Flamingo. Deep lakes with macrophytes and dense zooplankton provided habitat for the Chilean Flamingo and had more diverse waterbird communities than the shallow lakes. The Andean Flamingo occurred in almost every lake but in generally low numbers; however, it was more abundant in intermediate-character lakes and shallow lakes. Overall, shallow lakes sustained great numbers of flamingos, but changes in lake size did not explain abundance variations. The Vilama Lakes are complementary habitat patches for these species of flamingo, and for other vulnerable species (e.g., Horned Coot [Fulica cornuta]). This biological information contributed to the design of Vilama National Reserve (160,000 ha) with its 9 lakes under the management category of Natural Monument. 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