{"title":"Fish-flamingo-plankton interactions in the Peruvian Andes","description":null,"version":null,"itemType":"journalArticle","abstractNote":"The zooplankton and flamingo populations of 20 high elevation (3,700–4,700 m) lakes in the Andes of southern Peru were assessed on one to three occasions each. Some of these lakes have cyprinodont fish (Orestias spp.), others do not. Lakes with fish usually have a sparse zooplankton dominated by cyclopoid copepods and chydorid cladocerans; the others tend to have an abundant zooplankton dominated by calanoid copepods and daphnids or by Artemia. Chilean flamingos (Phoenicopterus chilensis) are usually absent or scarce on lakes with fish and present in large numbers where fish are absent. We suggest that the distribution of this flamingo in the Central Andes, and in South America generally, is determined primarily by the distribution of fish, with which it competes for invertebrate prey. The patterns above are complicated by the impact on Orestias populations of man, of fish‐eating birds, and of introduced, non‐native fish (Salmo gairdneri, Basilichthys bonariensis).","publicationTitle":"","volume":null,"issue":null,"pages":null,"date":"1986","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":null,"language":null,"DOI":"10.4319/lo.1986.31.3.0457","ISSN":null,"shortTitle":"","url":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":null,"callNumber":"","rights":null,"extra":"","dateAdded":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.956638Z","dateModified":"2026-02-25T14:54:42.986459Z","attachment":null,"id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","owner_id":"61bf6ec3-0e84-462c-b0e2-3036131e0196","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"Hurlbert","id":129,"item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":null,"lastName":"et al.","id":130,"item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637"}],"study_sites":[{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.965392Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.965394Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"2fc723e2-4a25-42f5-9308-f0ba02715ec1","id":"f9a7c3eb-e7de-4d14-aa6d-83c1bfaa53cb","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.128874Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.128882Z","latitude":-16.36822838931928,"longitude":-71.13021416900283,"cluster_label":null,"id":"2fc723e2-4a25-42f5-9308-f0ba02715ec1"},"latitude":-16.36822838931928,"longitude":-71.13021416900283},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.966487Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.966489Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"875f5359-640e-415e-8f31-47d3454ac9b6","id":"31bf81e2-5cfe-4984-830b-f46f28c29a7c","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.172300Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.172308Z","latitude":-14.02100888888889,"longitude":-71.52718944444445,"cluster_label":null,"id":"875f5359-640e-415e-8f31-47d3454ac9b6"},"latitude":-14.02100888888889,"longitude":-71.52718944444445},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.967510Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.967511Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"a86b8dfb-d99b-4ee8-b35f-cc3f35603875","id":"ae0b348f-f226-4e4e-8da7-0122f8bfedf1","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.168259Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.168267Z","latitude":-14.06487,"longitude":-71.49417777777778,"cluster_label":null,"id":"a86b8dfb-d99b-4ee8-b35f-cc3f35603875"},"latitude":-14.06487,"longitude":-71.49417777777778},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.968534Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.968535Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"c50284f8-96ee-429c-ad37-6d4426b3fd6b","id":"3b4da3c1-c309-4ee0-98e1-1e8316816cc0","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.968895Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.968903Z","latitude":-14.983333333333333,"longitude":-70.11666666666666,"cluster_label":null,"id":"c50284f8-96ee-429c-ad37-6d4426b3fd6b"},"latitude":-14.983333333333333,"longitude":-70.11666666666666},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.972315Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.972317Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"380a8437-2d34-4ba0-81cc-a382ccce157c","id":"3d97e580-53c2-4abe-92e9-321b14358203","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.972695Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.972703Z","latitude":-15.283333333333333,"longitude":-73.7,"cluster_label":null,"id":"380a8437-2d34-4ba0-81cc-a382ccce157c"},"latitude":-15.283333333333333,"longitude":-73.7},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.976441Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.976442Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"69913c86-be99-4637-b277-4d47b7c4e052","id":"f2b8b4c7-0e78-4e68-936b-da69610a1b8c","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.976805Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.976813Z","latitude":-15.25,"longitude":-70.05,"cluster_label":null,"id":"69913c86-be99-4637-b277-4d47b7c4e052"},"latitude":-15.25,"longitude":-70.05},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.980023Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.980024Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"625be64d-86b4-44d8-9eb1-480219e10679","id":"0e1dcdab-0b5a-4e8a-800a-20c88b3bc233","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.980393Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.980401Z","latitude":-15.9,"longitude":-70.53333333333333,"cluster_label":null,"id":"625be64d-86b4-44d8-9eb1-480219e10679"},"latitude":-15.9,"longitude":-70.53333333333333},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.984151Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.984152Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"1e476547-7365-4ad9-a237-130b6813b8d8","id":"1fa0fcee-c3cc-4091-8954-b8a33f2c03bf","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.984537Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.984545Z","latitude":-16.833333333333332,"longitude":-70.08333333333333,"cluster_label":null,"id":"1e476547-7365-4ad9-a237-130b6813b8d8"},"latitude":-16.833333333333332,"longitude":-70.08333333333333},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.987806Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.987807Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"8c8814bf-80da-4d38-8de7-1d7bec92b570","id":"e0c21687-e8da-43d0-9640-3253a4583bce","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.988168Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.988176Z","latitude":-16.866666666666667,"longitude":-70.03333333333333,"cluster_label":null,"id":"8c8814bf-80da-4d38-8de7-1d7bec92b570"},"latitude":-16.866666666666667,"longitude":-70.03333333333333},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.991910Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.991911Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"46106eeb-9a39-4570-a96e-3b485509b482","id":"e7d55789-3317-41e1-874e-9949b6c5ec6e","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.992277Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.992285Z","latitude":-16.883333333333333,"longitude":-70.23333333333333,"cluster_label":null,"id":"46106eeb-9a39-4570-a96e-3b485509b482"},"latitude":-16.883333333333333,"longitude":-70.23333333333333},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.995533Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.995535Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"86711d42-c4b6-4ad8-8ca0-8a25c27820a1","id":"8b7acd44-bb4b-4b65-8f37-0b314f214723","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.995902Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.995910Z","latitude":-14.1,"longitude":-71.5,"cluster_label":null,"id":"86711d42-c4b6-4ad8-8ca0-8a25c27820a1"},"latitude":-14.1,"longitude":-71.5},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.999624Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.999626Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"2ff42af9-5aef-4465-81c7-79e10b53c24a","id":"65bf73b5-4a5a-49d0-91fa-1f432777aab3","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.999992Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:26.999999Z","latitude":-14.133333333333333,"longitude":-71.48333333333333,"cluster_label":null,"id":"2ff42af9-5aef-4465-81c7-79e10b53c24a"},"latitude":-14.133333333333333,"longitude":-71.48333333333333},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.003238Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.003239Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"c92f8c24-f98a-4738-a938-88546c836dc1","id":"9d3ed3e1-ae1d-4c96-bb48-37817bec1d36","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.003613Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.003620Z","latitude":-15.366666666666667,"longitude":-70.35,"cluster_label":null,"id":"c92f8c24-f98a-4738-a938-88546c836dc1"},"latitude":-15.366666666666667,"longitude":-70.35},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.007329Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.007330Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"85a69493-7020-45ee-aad4-366bd0f53eb8","id":"c729a74b-ce2e-4634-9bb0-8d1e748b3ea5","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.007703Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.007711Z","latitude":-15.416666666666666,"longitude":-70.2,"cluster_label":null,"id":"85a69493-7020-45ee-aad4-366bd0f53eb8"},"latitude":-15.416666666666666,"longitude":-70.2},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.011152Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.011154Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"725129cc-2061-4308-9637-99f84cbbc6d5","id":"283935ca-a06f-4cb7-be25-d985d2cb3d56","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.011541Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.011549Z","latitude":-15.772429824969036,"longitude":-70.62197551212053,"cluster_label":null,"id":"725129cc-2061-4308-9637-99f84cbbc6d5"},"latitude":-15.772429824969036,"longitude":-70.62197551212053},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.015292Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.015293Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"a2f8309f-356c-48bf-af5e-a0f9c90a0033","id":"9a6a930f-8d6a-497e-876f-59cac44348eb","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.407132Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.407140Z","latitude":-15.833333333333334,"longitude":-70.61666666666666,"cluster_label":null,"id":"a2f8309f-356c-48bf-af5e-a0f9c90a0033"},"latitude":-15.833333333333334,"longitude":-70.61666666666666},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.016347Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.016348Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"a2f8309f-356c-48bf-af5e-a0f9c90a0033","id":"8a649464-7eaf-4562-8237-6d7d63be136a","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.407132Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:21.407140Z","latitude":-15.833333333333334,"longitude":-70.61666666666666,"cluster_label":null,"id":"a2f8309f-356c-48bf-af5e-a0f9c90a0033"},"latitude":-15.833333333333334,"longitude":-70.61666666666666},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.017379Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.017380Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"241a5e49-d712-498c-b7e7-0d585aaffabd","id":"bb87770c-e4e8-4759-9c76-20974c62d66a","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.017744Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.017752Z","latitude":-15.833333333333334,"longitude":-70.6,"cluster_label":null,"id":"241a5e49-d712-498c-b7e7-0d585aaffabd"},"latitude":-15.833333333333334,"longitude":-70.6},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.021035Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.021037Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"f2d075ad-b8ea-4b12-a150-ff60004887b8","id":"73b210f2-e80d-4587-975c-e15674201b5a","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.021414Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.021422Z","latitude":-15.866666666666667,"longitude":-70.55,"cluster_label":null,"id":"f2d075ad-b8ea-4b12-a150-ff60004887b8"},"latitude":-15.866666666666667,"longitude":-70.55},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.025187Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.025188Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"ab46edab-d565-4e19-afb8-54805f552009","id":"bff531f1-d598-4325-8ae4-a382d88dd727","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.025556Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.025564Z","latitude":-15.9,"longitude":-70.5,"cluster_label":null,"id":"ab46edab-d565-4e19-afb8-54805f552009"},"latitude":-15.9,"longitude":-70.5},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.028843Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.028845Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"752e503b-c45a-4fe0-a66b-df437c0153bc","id":"d713326e-b67e-48c8-be0f-5e680febef70","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.029207Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.029215Z","latitude":-16.933333333333334,"longitude":-70.4,"cluster_label":null,"id":"752e503b-c45a-4fe0-a66b-df437c0153bc"},"latitude":-16.933333333333334,"longitude":-70.4},{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.033025Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.033026Z","confidence_score":1.0,"context":"Imported from marcos-custom-data","extraction_method":"manual","item_id":"a01f2e9a-ba5a-492c-9dfe-e5dcd290a637","validation_score":1.0,"source_type":"manual","section":"other","name":null,"is_manual":true,"location_id":"1c3a17fc-9a4b-44e6-b867-d4c25ebaf03a","id":"acc341bb-e458-432e-bb3f-f18bd12e291a","location":{"created_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.033395Z","updated_at":"2026-02-25T14:49:27.033403Z","latitude":-16.906345321030393,"longitude":-70.08198760895964,"cluster_label":null,"id":"1c3a17fc-9a4b-44e6-b867-d4c25ebaf03a"},"latitude":-16.906345321030393,"longitude":-70.08198760895964}],"tags":[1,19]}